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There are several types of heat treatment processes:

Differential Hardening

Differential hardening is a heat treatment process that involves heating and cooling two or more areas on a metal workpiece at different rates.

Annealing
Annealing is a heat treatment process in which a metal workpiece is heated and then slowly cooled to trigger the formation of micro-sized crystals and, therefore, increase its strength and hardness. When performed on either ferrous or nonferrous metals, annealing creates pearlite, which of course is particularly strong. Pearlite can only be created by cooling iron or iron alloy metals, typically at a slow rate.

Stress Reduction
Also known as stress relieving, stress reduction is a heat treatment process that’s designed to reduce stresses within a metal workpiece.

Normalizing
Normalizing is a heat treatment process that lives up to its namesake by evenly distributing or “normalizing” the composition of a metal workpiece. It typically involves heating a metal workpiece up to a specific temperature, after which the workpiece is air-cooled. Like annealing, normalizing produces pearlite, though it’s also capable of producing other metal microstructures like martensite and bainite.

Decarburization

Finally, decarburization is a heat treatment process that’s designed to lower the carbon content of steel. If a steel workpiece has too much carbon, it may be too soft for its intended application. Therefore, manufacturing companies often perform decarburization to lower the carbon content of their steel workpieces.